What are perils of the sea?

Perils of the sea refer specifically to natural events and phenomena that occur while a vessel is navigating or operating in ocean waters. This includes a variety of hazards such as storms, high waves, and other unpredictable weather conditions that can adversely affect ships and their cargo. Understanding this concept is crucial for those in the shipping and insurance industries, as it helps assess risks and determine the appropriate insurance coverage for maritime operations.

In contrast, the other options illustrate scenarios that do not accurately define perils of the sea. Storms causing damage on land are related to terrestrial events rather than maritime hazards. Risks associated with shipping cargo via air pertain to aviation and are unrelated to sea perils. Accidents occurring in harbors or marinas, while related to maritime activities, don't encompass the broader scope of natural maritime hazards typical of perils of the sea.